Calcium silicate is an inorganic compound typically existing as a white, free-flowing powder. It is composed of calcium oxide (CaO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in varying ratios, forming a non-crystalline or semi-crystalline structure. Its chemical formula is often represented as CaSiO3, but commercial grades are complex mixtures. Its primary application is as an anti-caking agent and flow aid in food products, such as table salt, baking powder, and powdered spices, where it absorbs excess moisture and prevents clumping. In the pharmaceutical industry, it serves as an excipient for tableting and as a calcium supplement. Additionally, it is widely used in construction materials (e.g., cement, insulation) and as a functional filler in plastics and paints. Due to its high melting point and low thermal conductivity, calcium silicate is also a key precursor for ceramic and refractory materials. It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for food use, with typical usage levels below 2%. Its high porosity and surface area make it effective for adsorption applications.