Sodium phosphorothioate dodecahydrate is an inorganic salt with the formula Na3PO3S·12H2O. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. This compound is a hydrated form of sodium thiophosphate, containing the thiophosphate anion (PO3S³⁻). Its primary and most significant application is in agriculture as a systemic insecticide. It is used to control a variety of sucking and chewing pests, such as aphids, mites, and thrips, on crops including cotton, vegetables, and fruits. The compound acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase in the insect nervous system, leading to paralysis and death. It is often formulated as a water-soluble powder or concentrate for spray application. Beyond its pesticidal use, sodium phosphorothioate serves as a chemical reagent in synthetic chemistry and materials science. It is utilized as a source of the thiophosphate group in the synthesis of other thiophosphate compounds and as a corrosion inhibitor in some industrial water treatment processes. Handling requires standard precautions for inorganic salts, including avoiding ingestion and inhalation of dust.