Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the pyrrolizine carboxylic acid class. Chemically, it is a racemic mixture of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers, with the (S)-enantiomer being primarily responsible for its pharmacological activity. It is structurally characterized by a benzoyl group attached to a 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid core. Ketorolac is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent that works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, thereby reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are mediators of pain and inflammation. It is widely used in clinical settings for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute pain, often administered intramuscularly, intravenously, or as ophthalmic drops for ocular inflammation. Due to its efficacy, it is considered a non-opioid alternative for pain relief, particularly in postoperative care.